С����Ƶ

2024
John Hopfield
Physics
For foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks
Faculty, Methods in Computational Neuroscience (1994, 1996-2001)

2024
Gary Ruvkun
Physiology or Medicine
For the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation
Co-Director, Biology of Aging (2004-2006 and 2009-2012) and faculty, Biology of Aging (1999-2002 and in 2013)

2020
Charles M. Rice
Physiology or Medicine
For the discovery of the Hepatitis C virus
Student, Physiology (1973), Staff Associate, Physiology (1975)

2018
Tasuko Honjo
Physiology or Medicine
For the discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation
Student, Embryology (1972)

2017
Michael Rosbash
Physiology or Medicine
For the discovery of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm
Faculty, Embryology (1976, 1979, 1981, 1983, 1986) Lecturer, Neurobiology (2012) Friday Evening Lecturer (2013)

2014
Eric Betzig
Chemistry
For the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy
Lecturer, Physiology (2007) Visiting Scientist (2010) Faculty, Physiology (2011) Friday Evening Lecturer (2012) Faculty, Analytical and Quantitative Light Microscopy (2013)

2013
Martin Karplus
Chemistry
For the development of multiscale models for complex chemical systems
Student, Physiology (1950)

2012
John B. Gurdon
Physiology or Medicine
For the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent
Lecturer, Embryology (1965) Lillie Fellow (Research Awardee) (1983) Friday Evening Lecturer (1983) Faculty, Embryology (1983, 1987) Centennial Evening Lecturer (1988)

2009
Ada E. Yonath
Chemistry
For studies of the structure and function of the ribosome
Independent Investigator (1969)

2008
Martin Chalfie
Chemistry
For the discovery and development of Green Fluorescent Protein
Faculty, Neural Systems and Behavior (1983) Lecturer, Biology of Parasitism (1991) Lecturer, Neurobiology (2004)

2008
Osamu Shimomura
Chemistry
For the discovery and development of Green Fluorescent Protein
Year Round Investigator (1981-2001) Corporation Member (1988-) Library Researcher (2002-)

2008
Roger Y. Tsien
Chemistry
For the discovery and development of Green Fluorescent Protein
Faculty, Workshop on Plant and Animal Cell Microinjection Techniques (1988) Faculty, Optical Microscopy & Imaging in the Biomedical Sciences (1989-1990) Lecturer, Neurobiology (1997, 2000-2004)

2007
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) including С����Ƶ Distinguished Scientist Jerry Melillo
Peace
For their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change.
Distinguished Scientist and Director Emeritus, С����Ƶ Ecosystems Center (1976 to present)

2006
Roger D. Kornberg
Chemistry
Studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription
Faculty, Physiology Course (1982)

2004
Avram Hershko
Chemistry
Discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
Corporation Member (1999-) Fellowship recipient (1991, 1996) Researcher (1991-)

2004
Irwin Rose
Chemistry
Discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
Library Researcher (1968) Student, Embryology Course (1959)

2003
Roderick MacKinnon
Chemistry
For structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels
Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1986-87) Lecturer, Physiology Course (2000)

2002
Sydney Brenner
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death
Instructor, Physiology Course (1967-70) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1967-70) Researcher (1967-70, 1988)

2002
H. Robert Horvitz
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death
Faculty, Embryology Course (1984) Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1982) Instructor, Embryology Course (1982) Instructor, Physiology Course (1986) Lecturer, Neurobiology Course (1992, 2006)

2001
Leland Hartwell
Physiology or Medicine
Discovery of key regulators of the cell cycle
Faculty, Physiology Course (1982)

2001
Tim Hunt
Physiology or Medicine
Discovery of cyclins, a group of proteins that regulated the cell division cycle
Corporation Member (1991-2006) Faculty, Embryology Course (1979-80, 1987) Faculty, Physiology Course (1980-83, 2004) Lecturer, Embryology Course (1977) Lecturer, Physiology Course (2002, 2004) Researcher (1985-86)

2000
Paul Greengard
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system
Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1985) Research Assistant (1951) Researcher (1968, 1987) Student, Embryology Course (1950)

2000
Eric Kandel
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system
Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1981, 1985) Faculty, Neural Systems and Behavior Course (1983) Laboratory Staff (1984) Lecturer, Neural Biology Course (1975) Lecturer, Neural Systems and Behavior Course (1978) Researcher (1975, 1979-83)

1997
Paul. D. Boyer
Chemistry
Discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase
Researcher (1952)

1997
Jens C. Skou
Chemistry
Discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase
Researcher (1953)

1995
Christiane Nusslein-Volhard
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries concerning "the genetic control of early embryonic development"
Faculty, Embryology Course (1983)

1995
Eric Wieschaus
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries concerning "the genetic control of early embryonic development"
Faculty, Physiology Course (2007) Faculty, Embryology Course (1988, 2000-) Student, Embryology Course (1969)

1991
Bert Sakmann
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells
Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1988-89)

1989
Sidney Altman
Chemistry
Discovery of catalytic properties of RNA
Faculty, Physiology Course (1981, 1983) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1997)

1986
Stanley Cohen
Physiology or Medicine
Discovery of growth factors
Instructor, Embryology (1977) Researcher (1977)

1983
Barbara McClintock
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries in genetics
Student, Botany Course (1927)

1981
David Hubel
Physiology or Medicine
Processing of visual information by the brain
Lecturer, Physiology Course (1971) Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1979)

1981
Torsten Wiesel
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system
Corporation Member (1999-2006) Faculty, Neural Systems and Behavior Course (1983) Faculty, Neurobiology Course (1980-82) Lecturer, Neurobiology Course (1975, 1977-78) Trustee (1999-2002)

1980
Paul Berg
Chemistry
Development of methods to map structure and function of DNA
Library Researcher (1983)

1980
George D. Snell
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries concerning "genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions."
Researcher (1928-29, 1933) Student, Zoology Course (1927)

1976
D. Carlton Gajdusek
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries concerning the origin and new mechanisms for the dissemination of infectious disease
Student, Embryology Course (1942)

1975
David Baltimore
Physiology or Medicine
Interactions between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell
Corporation Member (1996-2006) Faculty, Physiology Course (1983) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1970) Library Researcher (1979)

1975
Howard Temin
Physiology or Medicine
Interactions between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell
Student, Physiology Course (1956)

1974
Albert Claude
Physiology or Medicine
Developed methods of separating and analyzing components of the cell
Researcher (1938, 1941, 1945, 1948)

1969
Max Delbrïuck
Replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses
Researcher (1942)

1969
Salvador Luria
Physiology or Medicine
Replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses
Corporation Member (1970-90) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1968, 1971, 1976) Library Researcher (1952, 1970-72, 1985) Researcher (1942)

1967
Keffer Hartline
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries about chemical and physical visual processes in the eye
Corporation Member (1936-82) Instructor, Physiology Course (1927) Researcher (1924-29, 1931, 1933-34, 1936) Student, Physiology Course (1923)

1967
George Wald
Physiology or Medicine
Discoveries about chemical and physical visual processes in the eye
Corporation Member (1940-96) Instructor, Neurobiology Course (1974) Instructor, Physiology Course (1947-55) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1963-65, 1967-68, 1970) Researcher (1929, 1931, 1941, 1947-49, 1951, 1961-76) Trustee (1948-55, 1961-68) Trustee Emeriti (1977-97)

1964
Konrad Bloch
Physiology or Medicine
Mechanism and regulation of cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism
Researcher (1954)

1963
John Eccles
Physiology or Medicine
Ionic Involvement in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve
Corporation Member (1970-71) Fellow (1968) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1969) Researcher (1968-69)

1963
Alan Hodgkin
Physiology or Medicine
Ionic Involvement in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve
Researcher (1938)

1963
Andrew Huxley
Physiology or Medicine
Ionic Involvement in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve
Fellow (1953, 1966) Researcher (1953, 1966)

1962
James Watson
Physiology or Medicine
Discovery concerning the molecular structure of DNA
Instructor, Physiology Course (1954)

1960
Donald Glaser
Physics
Development of the bubble chamber
Lecturer, Physiology (1966) Library Researcher (1962) Student, Physiology Course (1962)

1958
George Beadle
Physiology or Medicine
Genetic recombination and organization of the genetic material of bacteria
Corporation Member (1937-50) Researcher (1937)

1958
Joshua Lederberg
Physiology or Medicine
Genetic recombination and organization of the genetic material of bacteria
Corporation Member (1956-) Researcher (1947, 1954)

1954
Thomas H. Weller
Physiology or Medicine
Discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue
Faculty, Biology of Parasitism (1980)

1953
Fritz Lipmann
Physiology or Medicine
Coenzyme A and its role in intermediary metabolism
Lecturer, Physiology Course (1973) Researcher (1932)

1946
John Northrop
Chemistry
Preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in pure form
Corporation Member (1938-53) Researcher (1916-17, 1933-41, 1945-48) Student, Embryology Course (1911) Trustee (1939-50)

1946
Wendell Stanley
Chemistry
Preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in pure form
Individual Investigator (1932, 1938)

1946
Hermann Muller
Physiology or Medicine
Production of mutations by x-irradiation
Corporation Member (1918-33, 1942-59) Researcher (1916-20, 1936, 1938) Student, Embryology (1911)

1943
(Carl Peter) Henrik Dam
Physiology or Medicine
Discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K
Independent Investigator (1941)

1937
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Physiology or Medicine
Biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and fumaric acid catalysis.
Consultant, Physiology Course (1951-72) Corporation Member (1948-86) Faculty, Ecology Course (1979) Lecturer, Developmental Biology Course (1974-75, 1978) Lecturer, Physiology Course (1964-65, 1967-71, 1978) Researcher (1947-51, 1953-60, 1962-72, 1974-86) Trustee (1953-60, 1962-63) Trustee Emeritus (1964-86)

1936
Otto Loewi
Physiology or Medicine
Discovery relating to the chemical transmission of nerve impulses
Consultant, Physiology Course (1948-56, 1960-61) Corporation Member (1941-1961) Library Researcher (1941-52, 1954-56) Researcher (1940)

1933
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Physiology or Medicine
Role of the chromosome in heredity
Corporation Member (1890-1895, 1899, 1906-1916, 1918-1945) Instructor (1899) Lecturer (1890, 1892-93) Researcher (1890-93, 1899, 1901, 1903, 1906-1945) Trustee (1897-02, 1906-36) Trustee Emeritus (1937-45)

1931
Otto Warburg
Physiology or Medicine
Nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme
Independent investigator (1949)

1922
Otto Meyerhof
Physiology or Medicine
Relationship between consumption of oxygen and metabolism of lactic acid in muscle
Library Researcher (1942-49, 1951) Researcher (1941)

1920
August Krogh
Physiology or Medicine
Discovery of capillary motor-regulating mechanism
Researcher (1929)